ࡱ > M N L ܥh c e m + A Δ ޔ " 1 ( " " " " " " S X o " D F " @T Keemilised ja fsikalised nhtused Meid mbritsevas maailmas toimub pidevalt protsesse, milles muutuvad ainete omadused. Mned neist muutustest on fsikalised nhtused, mned keemilised nhtused. Milles on nende nhtuste erinevus? Jrgnevaid slaide vaadates katsume sellele ksimusele leida vastuse. Selle tunni slaidiprogramm koosneb 20st slaidist. Ava need vastavalt juhisele. 1. Sellel slaidil on loetletud fsikaliste ja keemiliste nhtuste tunnuseid. Too niteid nhtuste kohta sind mbritsevast keskkonnast, kus sinu arvates on tegemist hega neist nhtustest. 2. See on kige olulisem, et teha vahet keemilise ja fsikalise nhtuse vahel. 3. Tegelik elu on aga keerulisem ja sageli esinevad keemilised ja fsikalised nhtused koos. Tuntud nide selle kohta on knlaleek, mida oleme kik jlginud. Aga mis siis ikkagi toimub knla plemisel? 4. Knla plemisel toimuvad mitmesugused protsessid, mis on mrgitud ka sellel slaidil. Vaatame neid lhemalt. 5. Knal sulab plemisel, kuid sulanud knlavaha hangub uuesti leegist eemaldumisel. Seega jb selles protsessis knlavaha muutumatuks, ainult valgub mda knalt allapoole. 6. Selles katses kaalutakse plevat knalt. Kas knla kaal vheneb plemise ajal? Kas selle katse tulemus htib sinu varasema kogemusega, et knal pledes ra pleb? Mida see thendab? Kuhu kaob aine, millest knal on tehtud? 7. Selles katses pleb knal kinnises anumas. Kivita video. Plevat knalt sisaldava suletud katsenu kaal knla pledes ei vhene. Mida veel mrkad? Katsu neid nhtusi seletada. 8. Selles katses pleb knal phjata klaasanumas, mis on asetatud vette. Vesi on vrvitud, et oleks vimalik jlgida toimuvaid muutusi. Kirjelda, mida theldad? Katsu seda seletada. 9. Jreldused nendest katsetest. 1. Knla plemisel knlavaha hulk (mass) vheneb. Seega tekib knlaleegis sellest ainest mingi muu aine, mis eraldub ja vhendab sellega knla kaalu. 2. Knla plemisel kinnises anumas jb see aine katsenusse, mistttu selle nu kaal ei muutu katse vltel. Lisaks theldame katsenus veeauru teket. See on ks knla plemise saadustest. 3. Samast katsest on nha, et knlaleek kustub teatud aja jooksul. Seega on plemiseks vaja veel mingit ainet, mille hulk kolvis on piiratud. Kui see plemiseks vajalik aine saab otsa, siis leek kustub. Selleks aineks on hus olev hapnik. 4. Knla plemisel vheneb katseanumas rhk ning anumasse valgub vesi. Seega kulub katses mingi hu koostisosa ja gaasi ruumala vheneb. Selleks aineks on hapnik. 5. Ruumala vhenemine viitab ka vimalusele, et mingi plemisel tekkiv gaas lahustub vees. Selleks vees lahustuvaks gaasiks on ssihappegaas. Kokkuvte Knlaleegis toimub keemiline reaktsioon. Knlavahast (niteks parafiinist) tekib vesi ja ssihappegaas. Sellel keemilisel reaktsioonil eraldub valgust ja soojust. Soojuse toimel sulab osa knlavahast ja valgub mda knalt allapoole. Knlavaha (parafiini) sulamine ja tahkumine on fsikalised nhtused. 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